It ensures that no data is sent to the upper layer application that is out of order, duplicated, or has missing pieces. UDP does not use acknowledgments at all, and is usually used for protocols where a few lost datagrams do not matter.īecause of acknowledgments, TCP is considered a reliable data transfer protocol. This means that TCP tracks all data sent, requiring acknowledgment for each octet (generally). TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is connection oriented, whereas UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is connection-less. For example, UDP is frequently used for live broadcasts and online games. UDP is used when speed is desirable and error correction is not necessary. There is no guarantee you are getting all the packets and there is no way to ask for a packet again if you miss it, but losing all this overhead means the computers can communicate more quickly. If you are the recipient and you miss some UDP packets, too bad - you can not ask for those packets again. The sender will not wait to make sure the recipient received the packet - it will just continue sending the next packets. When using UDP, packets are just sent to the recipient. All the back-and-forth communication and deliverability guarantees slow things down. The UDP protocol works similarly to TCP, but it throws all the error-checking stuff out. UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol - a datagram is the same thing as a packet of information. Of course, if the recipient is completely offline, your computer will give up and you will see an error message saying it can not communicate with the remote host. This is why file downloads do not become corrupted even if there are network hiccups. TCP is all about this reliability - packets sent with TCP are tracked so no data is lost or corrupted in transit. If the sender does not get a correct response, it will resend the packets to ensure the recipient received them. The recipient sends messages back to the sender saying it received the messages. TCP guarantees the recipient will receive the packets in order by numbering them. TCP is not just one way communication - the remote system sends packets back to acknowledge it is received your packets. When you click a link, sign in, post a comment, or do anything else, your web browser sends TCP packets to the server and the server sends TCP packets back. The web server responds by sending a stream of TCP packets, which your web browser stitches together to form the web page and display it to you. When you load a web page, your computer sends TCP packets to the web server’s address, asking it to send the web page to you. It is the most commonly used protocol on the Internet. TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol. UDP over IP could just as well be referred to as “UDP/IP”, although this is not a common term. The widely used term “TCP/IP” refers to TCP over IP. TCP and UDP are not the only protocols that work on top of IP. These packets are treated similarly, as they are forwarded from your computer to intermediary routers and on to the destination. In other words, whether you are sending a packet via TCP or UDP, that packet is sent to an IP address. They both build on top of the Internet protocol. Both TCP and UDP are protocols used for sending bits of data - known as packets - over the Internet.
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